《自然》（20260305出版）一周论文导读
Nature, 5 March 2026, Volume 651, Issue 8104
《自然》2026年3月5日，第651卷，8104期
物理学Physics
Parity-doublet coherence times in optically trapped polyatomic molecules
光学捕获多原子分子中的宇称二重态相干时间
▲ 作者：Paige Robichaud, Christian Hallas, Junheng Tao, Giseok Lee, Nathaniel B. Vilas & John M. Doyle
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10133-2
▲摘要：
多原子分子具有复杂的内部结构，非常适合在量子信息科学、量子模拟及对超出标准模型物理学的精确探索等领域中应用。多原子分子的一个重要特征是存在宇称二重态。
这些结构通常源于多原子分子所提供的旋转和振动自由度，是实现多种量子科学应用的强大手段。线性三原子分子在振动弯曲模式中包含?型宇称二重态，预计将表现出稳健的相干特性。
研究组报道了通过光学捕获技术制备的处于?型宇称二重态的CaOH分子，并实现了T2*=0.8(2)s的裸量子比特相干时间，这一时间长于弯曲模式的0.36秒寿命。研究组通过利用分子光谱技术消除环境电场的方式来抑制差分斯塔克位移，并表征了限制相干时间的宇称依赖囚禁位移。
这项工作中实现的宇称二重态相干时间，对于将多原子分子应用于量子科学领域而言，是一个具有决定性意义的重要里程碑。
▲ Abstract：
Polyatomic molecules provide complex internal structures that are ideal for applications in quantum information science, quantum simulation and precision searches for physics beyond the standard model. A key feature of polyatomic molecules is the presence of parity-doublet states. These structures, which generically arise from the rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom afforded by polyatomic molecules, are a powerful feature to pursue diverse quantum science applications. Linear triatomic molecules contain ?-type parity-doublet states in the vibrational bending mode, which are predicted to exhibit robust coherence properties. Here we report optically trapped CaOH molecules prepared in ?-type parity-doublet states and realize a bare qubit coherence time of T2*=0.8(2)s, which is longer than the 0.36?s lifetime of the bending mode. We suppress differential Stark shifts by cancelling ambient electric fields using molecular spectroscopy and characterize parity-dependent trap shifts, which are found to limit the coherence time. The parity-doublet coherence times achieved in this work are a defining milestone for the use of polyatomic molecules in quantum science.
材料科学Materials Science
Maximizing perovskite electroluminescence with ordered 3D/2D heterojunction
有序3D/2D异质结助力钙钛矿电致发光最大化
▲ 作者：Jingyu Peng, Xulan Xue, Shihao Liu, Yingguo Yang, Tianqi Yang, Bingyan Zhu, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10134-1
▲摘要：
金属卤化物钙钛矿发光二极管（PeLEDs）展现出了出色的外部量子效率（EQE）、易于颜色可调性以及低成本的加工性能，使其成为极具前景的下一代显示技术。然而，与EQE约为40%的有机发光二极管（LED）相比，由于电荷约束不足和薄膜表面上由缺陷引起的非辐射复合，PeLED的性能仍不尽如人意。
研究组报道了一种通过简单一步旋涂法自发形成的3D/2D垂直定向钙钛矿异质结。这种结构能够有效地约束电荷载流子，并将辐射区从富含缺陷的表面区域移开。值得注意的是，顶层2D钙钛矿呈现出褶皱状的表面形态，其光提取效率高达45.4%。
由此制备的PeLED在绿光发射方面的EQE达到了42.9%（经认证为42.3%）。该研究为未来制造高效PeLED阐明了策略参考。
▲ Abstract：
Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have demonstrated excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE), easy colour tunability and low-cost processability, making them promising next-generation display techniques. However, PeLEDs still underperform compared with organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an EQE of about 40% because of insufficient charge confinement and defect-caused non-radiative recombination on the film surface. Here we report a spontaneously formed 3D/2D vertically oriented perovskite heterojunction by means of a simple one-step spin-coating method, which could effectively confine the charge carriers and shift the radiation zone away from the defect-rich surface region. Notably, the 2D perovskite on top exhibits a wrinkled surface morphology, which offers up to 45.4% light extraction efficiency. The resulting PeLEDs achieved an EQE of 42.9% for the green emission (certified 42.3%). Our work sheds light on the strategies for fabricating high-efficiency PeLEDs in the future.
Cold-injection synthesis of highly emissive perovskite nanocrystals
冷注入法合成高发光性能的钙钛矿纳米晶体
▲ 作者：Sungjin Kim, Sun-Ah Kim, Gyeong-Su Park, Eonsu Kim, Dong-Hyeok Kim, Seung-Chul Lee, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10117-2
▲摘要：
胶体钙钛矿纳米晶体（PeNC）长期以来一直通过热注入法和室温配体辅助再沉淀法这两种主要技术来合成。然而，这两种方法在工业规模生产中都存在挑战：热注入法需要高温、惰性气体环境和快速冷却，这存在安全隐患；而配体辅助再沉淀法在扩大规模时表现出的生产效率有限。
研究组介绍了一种基于假乳液的冷注入方法，该方法能够实现可扩展的PeNCs合成，其光致发光量子产率（PLQY）接近100%，并且通过注入4℃以下的前驱体溶液，显著提高了稳定性。在冷注入法中，PeNCs通过利用破乳剂将假乳液中完全配位的铅酸盐组装生长。
研究组发现，在低温辅助下缓慢组装聚溴铅酸盐对于缺陷抑制至关重要，从而能够制备出可重复、稳定且纯绿光发射的PeNCs，其外量子效率（PLQY）接近于1。此外，这种方法还能实现高效的大规模生产，能够以显著的批次重量进行20升规模的合成，且能保持近统一PLQY。
该发现代表了高质量PeNCs合成领域的重大进展，为显示和照明行业提供了广泛应用潜力。
▲ Abstract：
Colloidal perovskite nanocrystal (PeNC) has long been synthesized using the hot-injection method and room-temperature ligand-assisted reprecipitation as the prominent techniques. However, both methods have challenges for industrial-scale production: the hot-injection method requires high temperatures, an inert gas environment and rapid cooling, which raise safety concerns, whereas ligand-assisted reprecipitation can exhibit limited productivity on scale-up. Here we present a cold-injection method based on pseudo-emulsion, enabling scalable synthesis of PeNCs with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY, ~100%) and enhanced stability by injecting precursor solution below 4?°C. In the cold-injection method, PeNCs grow through the assembly of fully coordinated plumbates out of the pseudo-emulsion with the assistance of a demulsifier. We discovered that slow assembly of polybromide plumbates, assisted by cold temperature, is essential for defect suppression, resulting in reproducible, stable and pure-green-emitting PeNCs with near-unity PLQY. Furthermore, this method enables efficient large-scale production, achieving 20-l-scale synthesis with remarkable batch weight while maintaining near-unity PLQY. Our findings represent a substantial advancement in synthesis of high-quality PeNCs, offering potential for broad applications in display and lighting industries.
Long-term thrombus-free left atrial appendage occlusion via magnetofluids
通过磁流体实现长期无血栓的左心耳封堵术
▲ 作者：Shu Wang, Wenhao Ju, Donglin Zhuang, Zhecheng Chen, Dongliang Zhao, Shunyuan Huang, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10091-1
▲摘要：
由于固体封堵器与左心耳（LAA）之间的生物不兼容性，封堵器周围漏血和封堵器相关血栓仍是当前左心耳封堵术（LAAO）的关键挑战。
研究组提出了一种个性化且完整的LAAO，使用磁流体，适用于所有类型的LAA。磁流体可通过心脏导管注入LAA。在足够强的磁场作用下，磁流体能够抵抗高速血流冲击。磁流体在与血液中的水接触后仅几分钟内即可沉淀成磁凝胶。
研究组进一步在猪体内模型中证实了磁凝胶长达10个月的长期耐久性和生物相容性。在所有实验猪身上均未观察到封堵器相关血栓或磁凝胶泄漏。Watchman封堵器上形成的心内膜粗糙且不完整，易形成血栓。由于Watchman封堵器的倒钩结构，心肌损伤不可避免。
该磁凝胶表面形成的心内膜光滑、坚固且无血栓。且与LAA之间没有缝隙，未对心肌造成损伤。这些发现有望为长期无血栓的LAAO提供一种极具前景的临床策略。
▲ Abstract：
Peri-device leak and device-related thrombus remain key challenges of current left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) owing to the incompatibility between the solid occluder and the left atrial appendage (LAA). Here we propose a personalized and complete LAAO using magnetofluids that is suitable for all types of LAAs. Magnetofluids can be injected into LAAs from cardiac catheters. In the presence of a sufficient magnetic field, magnetofluids can resist high-speed blood flow. Magnetofluids can precipitate into magnetogels in contact with water in the blood within only a few minutes. We further confirmed the long-term resilience and biocompatibility of the magnetogel over 10?months in a pig model in vivo. Neither device-related thrombus nor magnetogel leakage was observed in any pigs. The endocardium formed on the Watchman occluder was rough and incomplete, predisposing to thrombosis. Myocardial injuries were unavoidable due to the barbs of the Watchman occluder. The endocardium formed on our magnetogel was smooth, firm and thrombus-free. No crevice was observed between our magnetogel and the LAA, and no injury was caused to the myocardium. These findings may offer a promising clinical strategy for long-term thrombus-free LAAO.
化学Chemistry
Collective intelligence for AI-assisted chemical synthesis
AI辅助化学合成的集体智能
▲ 作者：Haote Li, Sumon Sarkar, Wenxin Lu, Patrick O. Loftus, Tianyin Qiu, Yu Shee, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10131-4
▲摘要：
科学文献呈指数级增长，这为各学科领域都带来了日益严峻的挑战。每年有数十万种新型化学反应被报道，但将其转化为可行的实验却成为一道障碍。尽管大型语言模型（LLMs）的近期应用展现出一定前景，但能够可靠地适用于各种新型化合物转化的系统仍难以实现。
研究组推出了MOSAIC（用于AI辅助化学预测的多重优化专家系统）计算框架，能让化学家利用数百万种反应方案的集体知识。MOSAIC基于Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct架构构建，在沃罗诺伊聚类空间中训练了2498名专业化学专家。这种方法能为复杂的合成提供可重复且可执行的实验方案，并附带置信度指标。
实验验证的总体成功率为71%，实现了超过35种新化合物的合成，涵盖药品、材料、农用化学品和化妆品等领域。值得注意的是，MOSAIC还能发现专家训练数据中所没有的新型反应方法，这构成了推进化学合成的基石。
这种将庞大领域划分为可搜索专家区域的可扩展模型，为信息增长加速超越知识有效获取与应用的领域提供了一种普适性的AI辅助发现策略。
▲ Abstract：
The exponential growth of scientific literature presents an increasingly acute challenge across disciplines. Hundreds of thousands of new chemical reactions are reported annually, yet translating them into actionable experiments becomes an obstacle. Recent applications of large language models (LLMs) have shown promise, but systems that reliably work for diverse transformations across de novo compounds have remained elusive. Here we introduce MOSAIC (Multiple Optimized Specialists for AI-assisted Chemical Prediction), a computational framework that enables chemists to make use of the collective knowledge of millions of reaction protocols. MOSAIC is built on the Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct architecture, training 2,498 specialized chemical experts in Voronoi-clustered spaces. This approach delivers reproducible and executable experimental protocols with confidence metrics for complex syntheses. With an overall 71% success rate, experimental validation demonstrates the realizations of more than 35 new compounds, spanning pharmaceuticals, materials, agrochemicals and cosmetics. Notably, MOSAIC also enables the discovery of new reaction methodologies that are absent from the expert’s training, a cornerstone for advancing chemical synthesis. This scalable model of partitioning vast domains into searchable expert regions enables a generalizable strategy for AI-assisted discovery wherever accelerating information growth outpaces efficient knowledge access and application.
地球科学Earth Science
Wind shear enhances soil moisture influence on rapid thunderstorm growth
风切变增强了土壤湿度对快速雷暴发展的影响
▲ 作者：Christopher M. Taylor, Cornelia Klein, Emma J. Barton, Sebastian Hahn & Wolfgang Wagner
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10045-7
▲摘要：
对流风暴发展迅速，通过强降水、强风和闪电给当地居民带来危害。预报系统通常能较好地捕获雷暴形成的大尺度环境场，但预测单个风暴的起始位置仍是一项基本挑战。已知由土壤湿度（SM）模式驱动的非均匀加热会形成有利于在较干燥土壤上空引发对流的大气环流，而中低层之间的风切变会增强风暴的发展。
研究组表明，SM差异与风切变的协同作用尤其有利于极端风暴的激发。通过对撒哈拉以南非洲地区220万次午后事件的分析，研究组发现，在土壤条件有利（相对于不利）的情况下，被归类为极端的起始事件数多出68%，在SM驱动的气流循环与风切变诱导的云层移动方向相反的地方，风暴垂直发展最为强烈。
发展的云层顺着中层风向移动，当与低层气流方向相反时，降雨量与局地较干燥的土壤呈现强相关性。尽管这种切变条件在热带北非地区尤为常见，但其影响在全球范围内有利于SM-降水负反馈。SM异质性与风切变相结合，为预测深对流在何处发展提供了潜在重要预报依据，尤其是对于发展最为迅猛的雷暴而言。
▲ Abstract：
Convective storms can develop rapidly, creating hazards to local populations through intense precipitation, strong winds and lightning. The large-scale environment in which thunderstorms develop is often well captured in forecast systems, yet predicting where individual storms will initiate remains a fundamental challenge. It is known that differential heating driven by soil moisture (SM) patterns creates atmospheric circulations that favour convective initiation over drier soils, whereas wind shear between low and mid levels can enhance storm growth. Here we show that the most extreme initiations are especially favoured over SM contrasts by means of an interaction with wind shear. Analysing 2.2?million afternoon events across sub-Saharan Africa, we find 68% more initiations classed as extreme given favourable (versus unfavourable) soil conditions, with greatest vertical storm growth occurring where SM-driven circulations oppose the direction of shear-induced cloud displacement. Developing clouds follow the mid-level wind direction and, where this opposes the low-level flow, rainfall is strongly correlated with locally drier soils. Although such shear conditions are particularly common over tropical north Africa, the effect favours negative SM–precipitation feedbacks globally. The combination of SM heterogeneity and wind shear provides a potentially important source of predictability for where deep convection develops, particularly for the most rapidly developing thunderstorms.
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